GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE
国际商业指南
While the terms of sale in international business often sound similar to those commonly used in domestic contracts, they often have different meanings。
Confusion over these terms can result in a lost sale or a financial loss on a sale。 Thus, it is essential that you understand what terms you are agreeing to before you finalize a contract。
固然在国际商务中所利用的销售前提和国内合同中凡是所用的销售前提听起来很类似，但是它们的含义往往差别。混淆那些前提可能会丧失销售时机或者招致销售呈现经济丧失。因而，在敲定合同之前，理解你所意图的前提是至关重要的。
Incoterms 2000
By the 1920s, commercial traders developed a set of trade terms to describe their rights and liabilities with regard to the sale and transport of goods。
These trade terms consisted of short abbreviations for lengthy contract provisions。 Unfortunately, there was no uniform interpretation of them in all countries, and therefore misunderstandings often arose in cross-border transactions。
To improve this aspect of international trade, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris developed INCOTERMS (International Commercial TERMS), a set of uniform rules or the interpretation of international commercial terms defining the costs, risks, and obligations of buyers and sellers in international transactions。
First published in 1936, these rules have been periodically revised to account for changing modes of transport and document delivery。
The current version is Incoterms 2000。
《国际商业术语解释公则2000》
20世纪20年代，商人们开发了一套用于申明他们在货物销售和运输中权力和义务的商业术语。那些商业术语由代表冗长合同条目的简短缩写构成。
不幸的是，那些术语在差别的国度没有同意的解释，因而，在跨国境商业中，常常呈现曲解。
为了对国际商业的那一范畴停止改良，设在巴黎的国际商会（ICC）开发了一套用于解释确定邦交仪中买卖两边费用、风险和责任的同一规则——国际商业术语解释公则。该公则初版于1936，按期停止修订以反映运输和单据交付体例的变革。
现行的版本为《国际商业术语解释公则2000》。
Use of Incoterms
Incoterms are not implied into contracts for the sale of goods。 If you desire to use Incoterms, you must specifically include them in your contract。
Further, your contract should expressly refer to the rules of interpretation as defined in the latest revision of Incoterms, for example, Incoterms 2000, and you should ensure the proper application of the terms by additional contract provisions。
Also, Incoterms are not ’laws’。 In case of a dispute, courts and arbitrators will look at: 1) the sales contract, 2) who has possession of the goods, and 3) what payment, if any, has been made。
See International Contracts, also by World Trade Press。
《国际商业术语解释公则》的利用
国际商业术语解释公则并不是暗含在货物销售合同中。若是想接纳国际商业术语解释公则，必需特意将其写进合同中。
并且合同应该明白援引国际商业术语解释公则的最新修订本，如《国际商业术语解释公则2000》中确定的解释规则。此外，还应该通过附加的合同条目确保那些术语的准确应用。并且，国际商业术语解释公则不是“法令”。当呈现纠纷时，法院和仲裁机构将考察：
（1）销售合同；
（2）谁拥有货物；
（3）若是有的话，停止了哪些付出。
拜见世界商业出书社出书的《国际商业》一书。
Illustrated Guide to Incoterms
This guide was designed to give a graphic representation of the buyer’s and seller’s risks and costs under each Incoterm。
The material on each facing page gives a summary of seller and buyer responsibilities。