1、做状语。
分词在句子中做状语，能够表达 时间、前提、原因、成果、让步、体例、陪伴等。
分词（短语）做状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
当如今分词表达 的动做发作在谓语动词之前时, 则用如今分词的完成式，当所表达 动做与谓语动做同时发作, 则用如今分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过往 分词。
2、做定语。
分词做定语时，单个的分词凡是放在被润色的名词之前，分词短语做定语，置于被润色词的后面。如今分词润色的是发出该动做的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过往 分词润色承担 该动做的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
3、做宾语补足语。
如今分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及使役动词have后面，与名词或代词构成复合宾语，做宾语补语的成分，有三种形式，即动词原形，如今分词和过往 分词。
动词原形表主动和完成，如今分词表主动或正在停止，过往 分词表被动或完成。
4、做表语。
分词做表语凡是看做描述词来用。如今分词表达 主语的性量，并且主语多为物。
扩展材料
分词尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性描述词，具有描述词功用，同时又表示各类动词性特征 。
如时态、语态、带状语性润色语的性能及带宾词的性能。分词分为如今分词和过往 分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。
如今分词和过往 分词次要区别 在于：如今分词表达 “主动和停止”，过往 分词表达 “被动和完成”（不及物动词的过往 分词不表达 被动，只表达 完成）。分词能够有本身的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
参考材料来源：百度百科-分词
分词的所有形式及用法分词有两种分词,一种是过往 分词,一种是如今分词.
过往 分词一般做定语,或者宾语补足语.
如：he book left in the classroom yesterday is my English book.(leave---left 落下的).
He walked into the forest,lost (lose--lost 丢失,苍茫)
如今分词一般做定语,或者表语,宾语补足语.
如：
The shinning star is Venus,my favorite star.(shine---shining 闪闪发光的)
He is *** iling.( *** ile--- *** iling 浅笑着)
I found that the girl in blue stood in the rain,crying.(cry----crying 哭抽泣 中)
分词的用法很普遍,详细要看语境以及句子构造.
分词的用法总结是怎么样的？分词有两种分词，一种是过往 分词，一种是如今分词。
过往 分词一般做定语，或者宾语补足语。
如今分词一般做定语，或者表语，宾语补足语。
分词的用法很普遍，详细要看语境以及句子构造。
做状语
分词在句子中做状语，能够表达 时间、前提、原因、成果、让步、体例、陪伴等。
分词（短语）做状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。。当如今分词表达 的动做发作在谓语动词之前时，则用如今分词的完成式，当所表达 动做与谓语动做同时发作，则用如今分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过往 分词。如今分词或过往 分词做状语时，有时能够在分词前加while，when，once，although，until，if等隶属连词。
以上内容参考：百度百科-分词
英语分词的用法
定见 ing 和 ed一路停止比照和领会
高考英语备考：动词-ed和动词-ing用法总结
2008-4-9 来源：英语进修网
1、定义
动词-ed和动词-ing形式常称做分词。他们既有动词的特征，又有描述词和副词的特征，在英语中能够做定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
2、构成
（1）规则的动词后+ed构成动词-ed形式，不规则的需要记忆。动词-ed形式没有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态的改变 。
（2）动词-ing形式有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态区别。
下列以及物动词write和不及物动词go列表达 例：
write
go
主 动 被 动
动词-ing一般式 writing being written going
动词-ing完成式 having written having been written
动词-ed written gone
3、用法
（1）做定语
单个的分词做定语，一般置于所润色的词前;分词短语做定语置于所润色的词后，相当 于一个定语从句。如：
Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.
许多兴奋的人们想乘地铁游览。
The countries you referred to just now belong to developing countries.
你适才提到的那些国度属于开展中国度。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.
=People developed a kind of paper which/that was made from the fibers of plants.
人们研造出一种用动物纤维造成的纸。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
=The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.
正在（被）建的那些房子是给教师们的。
The little boy standing over there is a clas *** ate of mine.
站在那边的小男孩是我班的同窗。
* 不定式、过往 分词和如今分词做定语的区别
不定式做定语一般表达 未来的动做；如今分词做定语常表达 正在停止的动做；过往 分词做定语表达 过往 的动做。如：
The problem to be discussed tomorrow is very important.
The problem discussed yesterday is very important.
The problem being discussed now is very important.
（2）做状语
a)分词做状语的根本原则
分词做状语时，分词的逻辑主语必需与句子的主语连结一致。分词做状语时，必需与句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
b)分词做状语形式的抉择
形 式 意 义
v.+-ing (doing) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发作，或根本上同时发作。
having+v.-ed
(having done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发作。
v.+-ed (done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
being +v.-ed
(being done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发作，一般做原因状语置于句首。
having been+
v-ed
(having been
done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发作。
c) 分词做状语的句法功用
分词在句中做状语时，能够表达 时间、原因、成果、前提、体例、陪伴等。分词做状语相当 于一个状语从句。如：
Hearing the news,we got excited. (=When we heard the news,we got excited.)
Given more time,I can do it better.(=If I am given more time,I can do it better.)
Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.
(=After he had been told many times,he still made the same mistake. )
Not having understood the problem, Betty went to the teacher for help.
(=Because Betty had not understood the problem,she went to
the teacher for help.)
They went home earlier than usual today,leaving the work unfinished.
The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.
(=The teacher came into the lab and was followed by the students.)
(3) 做表语
凡是情状 下如今分词做表语阐明 主语的性量特征；过往 分词做表语阐明 主语的形态
兼有被动之意。如：
The situation here is encouraging and we are encouraged.
Our classroom is very crowded.
After dinner,the boy remained standing beside the table.
(4) 做宾语补足语
分词做宾语补足语，次要跟在一些感官动词和使役动词的后面。如：
You’d better have your hair cut if you are free tomorrow.
The lady found her valuable necklace missing after the party.
Don’t keep the boy standing outside.
4、关于动词-ed和动词-ing用法的几点阐明
(1)动词-ed和动词-ing的否认形式由not加分词构成。否认词not永久在动词-ed或动词-ing的前面.如：
Not having done it well,I tried again.
Not caring about his health,the old engineer carried on his plan.
His not having finished the work on time,he was punished by the boss.
(2)凡是分词做状语时 ，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语连结一致。如：
Having finished her work,David’s mother went home.
(= After David’s mother finished her work,she went home.)
*当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语纷歧致时，分词必需有本身的主语。如：
His glasses broken,he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
There being no bus.we had to walk home after school.
(3)表达 时间关系、前提关系等分词短语有时能够由连词when/while或if/unless等引导。如:When first introduced to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
I won’t go to the party unless invited.
(4)有时可用“with(without)+名词（或代词）+分词”的构造表达 陪伴情况。如：
The thief was brought in,with his hand tied behind.
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